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Whether a particular lace is a 19th century example, actually made in the 19th century, or whether it classifies as "Revival Era", is sometimes hard to know with any certainty.  All the point ground laces dominated in the 19th century, and  Cluny and Bedfordshire began in the 19th century. And all of these continued to be made into the 20th.  The point ground laces are a direct outgrowth of very late 18th century and Napoleonic era straight laces.  Cluny actually began in the early middle 19th century as an attempt to design pieces reminiscent of the laces in the Cluny museum, which were 16th and 17th century Genoese braid based laces.  Maltese also was invented in the 19th century, also based on Cluny museum laces, in an attempt to create laces fast to make and so provide an income for the women of Malta.  Bedfordshire, actually Bedfordshire-Maltese, was a direct outgrowth of a great international exhibition in about 1850, where the new Maltese laces were on display.  So I suppose all of these can be called 19th century.  Some of my actual examples may have been made during the early 20th century.  It is impossible to be sure. 

It is the complex mesh grounded laces, Flanders, Binche, and Paris, which were a part of the Revival Era recreation of those older forms.  I suppose the difference is one of time.  Cluny, Maltese and Bedfordshire were resurrected out of Genoese fairly early in the 19th century (the middle years); while Flanders, Binche, Paris and Revival Mechlin were only resurrected very late, at the turn of the century.  Valenciennes continued to be made throughout the 19th century, and the square ground was invented during this time.

Guipure (Bar/Braid) Grounded Straight Laces:

Continental Floral Guipure (Probably Germany, Sweden or Denmark):

There are 17th century Antwerp laces which have floral motifs and a braided ground.  These below are, perhaps, a continuation of that tradition.

533 it	284 jl	284	336 bh	137 bn I am not absolutely sure this is a straight lace.  I can't remember and the photo isn't detailed enough.

bkmk

86 ds	136 lh		340 bh

LePuy Guipure (French):

The cloth trails in LePuy guipure are woven in a manner reminiscent of that element when it appears  in old Genoese laces of the 16th and 17th centuries.  bkmk

206 lh		388 lh		406 don

Cluny:

Cluny began in the mid 19th century in an attempt to recreate the technique and character of 16th and 17th  century Genoese laces in the Cluny museum.  But stylistically most of them are very different from the old Genoese.   So the style we call Cluny is actually another revival attempt, but occurred earlier than the 1890-1910 time period usually considered "revival era".  These below are very simple and may actually be 20th century examples.  Cluny is a style that began in the 19th century and has continued into the present.  Giving an absolute date to any piece is virtually impossible without other evidence.   bkmk
 

140 bn	192 mfb	758 lh	295 jl

392 nh	292 jl	213 lh		reverse

481 nh	703 lh

Maltese:

550 it	549 it	552 it	551 it	415 jp

bkmk

414 jp

144 cs	145 cw	704 lh

Bedfordshire:

318 jl	387 ef	34 ek

bkmk            See also   Bedfordshire by Living Lacemakers 

786 it		143 lh

63 bn	This may be  a Thomas Lester

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Bobbin Lace History and Identification pages:

  1559 to 1700        18th century       Napoleonic Era       19thc straight mesh       19th c part lace

  revival era part lace       revival era straight lace       new revival era laces   

Revised 8/16/2010